| 塑料模具设计的步骤 |
| 添加时间：2018/11/23 16:13:35 浏览次数： |
| 一、接受任务书 I. Acceptance of Task Papers 成型塑料制件的任务书通常由制件设计者提出，其内容如下： Task sheets for moulding plastic parts are usually proposed by the part designer. The contents are as follows: 1. 经过审签的正规制制件图纸，并注明采用塑料的牌号、透明度等。 1. The drawings of the regulated parts which have been examined and signed, and the label and transparency of the plastics used, etc. 2. 塑料制件说明书或技术要求。 2. Instructions or technical requirements for plastic parts. 3. 生产产量。 3. production output. 4. 塑料制件样品。 4. Samples of plastic parts. 通常模具设计任务书由塑料制件工艺员根据成型塑料制件的任务书提出，模具设计人员以成型塑料制件任务书、模具设计任务书为依据来设计模具。 Usually, the task book of mould design is put forward by plastic parts technicians according to the task book of plastic parts, and the die designer designs the mould based on the task book of plastic parts and the task book of mould design. 二、 收集、分析、消化原始资料 II. Collection, analysis and digestion of raw materials 收集整理有关制件设计、成型工艺、成型设备、机械加工及特殊加工资料，以备设计模具时使用。 Collect and sort out the data of parts design, forming process, forming equipment, mechanical processing and special processing for use in designing die. 1. 消化塑料制件图，了解制件的用途，分析塑料制件的工艺性，尺寸精度等技术要求。例如塑料制件在外表形状、颜色透明度、使用性能方面的要求是什么，塑件的几何结构、斜度、嵌件等情况是否合理，熔接痕、缩孔等成型缺陷的允许程度，有无涂装、电镀、胶接、钻孔等后加工。选择塑料制件尺寸精度最高的尺寸进行分析，看看估计成型公差是否低于塑料制件的公差，能否成型出合乎要求的塑料制件来。此外，还要了解塑料的塑化及成型工艺参数。 1. Digest the drawing of plastic parts, understand the use of the parts, analyze the technical requirements of plastic parts, such as technological properties, dimensional accuracy, etc. For example, what are the requirements of plastic parts in appearance shape, color transparency and service performance, whether the geometrical structure, inclination and insert of plastic parts are reasonable, the allowable degree of forming defects such as weld marks and shrinkage holes, whether there are post-processing such as coating, electroplating, bonding, drilling, etc. Choose the most precise size of plastic parts for analysis, to see whether the estimated forming tolerance is lower than the tolerance of plastic parts, whether the plastic parts can be formed to meet the requirements. In addition, we also need to know the plasticizing and forming process parameters of plastics. 2. 消化工艺资料，分析工艺任务书所提出的成型方法、设备型号、材料规格、模具结构类型等要求是否恰当，能否落实。 2. Digest the process data and analyze whether the requirements of forming method, equipment type, material specification and die structure type proposed in the process task book are appropriate or not. 成型材料应当满足塑料制件的强度要求，具有好的流动性、均匀性和各向同性、热稳定性。根据塑料制件的用途，成型材料应满足染色、镀金属的条件、装饰性能、必要的弹性和塑性、透明性或者相反的反射性能、胶接性或者焊接性等要求。 Molding materials should meet the strength requirements of plastic parts with good fluidity, uniformity, isotropy and thermal stability. According to the use of plastic parts, forming materials should meet the requirements of dyeing, metal plating conditions, decorative properties, necessary elasticity and plasticity, transparency or reverse reflectivity, adhesiveness or weldability. 3. 确定成型方法 3. Determine the forming method 采用直压法、铸压法还是注射法。 Direct pressure method, casting method or injection method are used. 4、选择成型设备 4. Selection of Molding Equipment 根据成型设备的种类来进行模具，因此必须熟知各种成型设备的性能、规格、特点。例如对于注射机来说，在规格方面应当了解以下内容：注射容量、锁模压力、注射压力、模具安装尺寸、顶出装置及尺寸、喷嘴孔直径及喷嘴球面半径、浇口套定位圈尺寸、模具最大厚度和最小厚度、模板行程等，具体见相关参数。 Moulds are made according to the types of moulding equipment, so we must be familiar with the performance, specifications and characteristics of various moulding equipment. For example, for injection machines, the following aspects should be understood in terms of specifications: injection capacity, clamping pressure, injection pressure, die installation size, ejection device and size, nozzle hole diameter and nozzle spherical radius, gate sleeve positioning ring size, maximum and minimum thickness of the die, template stroke, etc. See relevant for details. Parameters. 要初步估计模具外形尺寸，判断模具能否在所选的注射机上安装和使用。 It is necessary to estimate the shape and size of the die preliminarily and to determine whether the die can be installed and used on the selected injection machine. 5. 具体结构方案 5. Specific structural scheme （一）确定模具类型 (1) Determining the type of die 如压制模（敞开式、半闭合式、闭合式）、铸压模、注射模等。 Such as pressing dies (open, semi-closed, closed), casting dies, injection moulds, etc. （二）确定模具类型的主要结构 (2) Determining the main structure of die types 选择理想的模具结构在于确定必需的成型设备，理想的型腔数，在绝对可靠的条件下能使模具本身的工作满足该塑料制件的工艺技术和生产经济的要求。对塑料制件的工艺技术要求是要保证塑料制件的几何形状，表面光洁度和尺寸精度。生产经济要求是要使塑料制件的成本低，生产效率高，模具能连续地工作，使用寿命长，节省劳动力。 Choosing the ideal die structure is to determine the necessary forming equipment, the ideal number of cavity, under absolutely reliable conditions can make the work of the die itself meet the technological and economic requirements of the plastic parts. The technological requirements for plastic parts are to ensure the geometry, surface finish and dimensional accuracy of plastic parts. The economic requirement of production is to make the plastic parts low cost, high production efficiency, continuous work of the mould, long service life and labor saving. |
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